汽车英语—— Piston, Connecting Rod, and Crankshaft（活塞、连杆和曲轴）

luodayou5560

Piston（活塞）
      The piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft. Thin, circular, steel bands fit into grooves around the piston to seal the bottom of the combustion chamber. These bands are called piston rings. The grooves into which they fit are called ring grooves.
      活塞是四冲程发动机的重要部件。大多数活塞由铸铝制成。活塞，通过连杆，与曲轴相连并将燃烧混合气产生的力传给曲轴。这种力量使曲轴转动。把薄的，圆形的，钢圈放进活塞周围的凹槽以密封燃烧室的底部。这些圈叫做活塞环。安装活塞环的凹槽称为活塞环槽。
      To withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it takes the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head, or crown. The thin part is the skirt. Most pistons have three ring grooves at the top. The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.
      为了禁得住燃烧室的高温，活塞必须有足够的强度。同时活塞必须很轻，因为它在气缸内以很高的速度上下移动。活塞是空心的。活塞顶部厚，承受着高温燃气的带有冲击性的高压力。底部薄，在那里热量少。活塞的顶部是活塞头或者活塞顶。薄的部分是裙部。大多数活塞的顶部有3个活塞环槽。活塞环槽之间的部分称为环带。
      A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston. The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod. The thick part of the piston that holds the piston pin is the pin boss.
      活塞销装在活塞的环形的孔里。活塞销把活塞和连杆连接起来。用来支撑活塞销的活塞厚的部分称为活塞销凸台。

      Piston Rings（活塞环）
      piston rings fit into ring grooves near the top of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons.
      活塞环装在活塞顶部附近的活塞环槽里。简单地讲，活塞环就是装在活塞顶部的凹槽里的薄，圆的金属。
      In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on the piston. The ring's outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore from entering the combustion chamber, and is called an oil ring.
      现代的发动机，每个活塞有3 道环。(在更旧的发动机里活塞有4道环甚至5道环。)这些环的内表面和活塞上的凹槽相配合。环的外表面推挤气缸壁。环为活塞和气缸壁之间提供了必要的密封。即，只有环与气缸壁接触。最顶的两道保证活塞与气缸壁间密封的环叫做气环。底下的一道防止机油飞溅到缸筒从而窜入燃烧室的环叫做油环。

      Piston Pin（活塞销）
      The piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod. This pin fits into the piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top end of the rod is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft. This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston. The piston pin fits through one side of the piston, through the small end of the rod, and then through the other side of the piston. It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston.
      活塞销把活塞和连杆连接在一起。这个销装在活塞销座孔和连杆小头衬套孔内。连杆的小头比安装在曲轴的大头小得多。小头装在活塞的底部。活塞销贯穿活塞，把连杆小头与活塞连在一起，并将连杆保持在活塞中心的适当位置处。
      Pins are made of high-strength steel and have a hollow center. Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better.
      销由高强度的钢做成并且是空心的。很多销都是镀铬的以使他们更加耐磨。

      Connecting Rod（连杆）
      The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin. A bush made from a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod fits the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. For this big-end bearing, steel-backed lead or tin shell bearings are used. These are the same as those used for the main bearings. The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle, so that it is small enough to be withdrawn through the cylinder bore. The connecting rod is made from forged alloy steel.
      连杆小头连接着活塞销。衬套由软金属制成，例如青铜，被用于这种连接。在连杆大头安装曲柄轴颈。这被称为连杆大头。对连杆大头轴承来说，使用的是铅的钢背或锡的轴瓦式轴承。这些轴承与那些被用作主要轴承的轴承相同。大头的裂口有时有一个角度，以便足够小通过气缸。连杆由锻造的合金钢制成。

      Crankshaft（曲轴）
      The crankshaft, in conjunction with the connecting rod, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle. It is usually made from carbon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel. The main bearing journals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods. At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel, and at the front end are the driving wheels for the timing gears, fan, cooling water and alternator.
      曲轴，和连杆一起，把活塞的往复运动转化为驾驶车辆需要的旋转运动。通常由小比例的镍熔成的碳钢制成。主要轴承曲颈安装在气缸体和与连杆大头末端匹配的曲颈上。曲轴的后端连接着飞轮，前端是连接着定时齿轮，风扇，冷却水和交流发电机的驱动轮。
      The throw of the crankshaft, i.e. the distance between the main journal and the big end centers, controls the length of the stroke. The stroke is double the throw, and the strokelength is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa.
      曲轴的摆幅，即在主要曲颈和连杆大头末端中心之间的距离，控制着冲程的行程。一个冲程等于两个摆幅的行程是活塞从上止点运动到下止点的距离，反之亦然。

      Flywheel（飞轮）
      The flywheel is made from carbon steel. It fits onto the rear of the crankshaft. As well as keeping the engine rotating between power strokes it also carries the clutch, which transmits the drive to the gearbox, and has the starter ring gear around its circumference. There is only one working stroke in four so a flywheel is needed to drive the crankshaft during the time that the engine is performing the non-power strokes.
      飞轮由碳钢制成。它安装在曲轴的后面。除了保持发动机在作功冲程时旋转，它还通过离合器将动力传给变速箱并且在飞轮的圆周上还有起动齿轮。因为4个工作冲程中只有一个冲程作功，所以发动机处于非作功冲程时，飞轮带动曲轴旋转。

lml-85-lml

好东西，谢谢了哈．

liyingdong

非常感谢，再长一点就更完美了！！

mxw854233

好东西 谢谢了

lihaixiang

不错，可以参考一下，顺便学学英语

lws2009

很久没有进这个论坛了，今天第一次学习。谢谢！