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发表于 28-5-2010 07:55:32
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Automotive Performance testing technology
From the invention of cars today have more than a century. In modern society, car has become work, and living an indispensable means of transport. Vehicles for people to benefit, but also brought air pollution, noise and traffic safety and other issues. Car itself is a complex system, with the increased mileage and use of the time extension, its technical condition will continue to deteriorate. Therefore, while developing excellent performance to keep the car; other hand, with maintenance and repair and restore the state of technology. Automobile test is the use of vehicles, vehicle maintenance and repair techniques on the status of testing and inspection of a technology.
Auto detection is accompanied by the development of automotive technology development. Early in vehicle development, it is mainly experienced by maintenance personnel found the car for a targeted fault and repair. In the past, people often say "look (watch)", "smell (ears)", "cut (hand touch)" method. With the advances in modern science and technology, especially computer technology, automotive testing technology is developing fast. Currently people can rely on advanced equipment, the disintegration of the car were not detected, and safe, fast and reliable.
1. Development of foreign auto detection
Auto detection technology is gradually developed from scratch, Back in the '50s, in some industrial countries to form a diagnosis, and performance testing of individual-based detection technology and manufacturing single test equipment. 60 cars entering the country in the early detection of test equipment of engine analyzer the United States, Britain and the engine ignition system fault diagnostic rate of motor vehicle road test analyzer, these are the early development of the foreign car testing equipment. The late 60s, foreign auto detection and diagnosis technology developed rapidly, and a large number of applications for electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical combination of optical and electrical, mechanical and electrical integration of physical and chemical detection technology. For example: non-contact type speed meter, headlight tester, wheel locator, exhaust analyzer, are all optical and electrical, mechanical and electrical integration of physical and chemical testing equipment.
Enter the 70's, along with the development of computer technology, there have been automobile diagnostic testing, data acquisition and processing automation, direct printing function test results automobile performance testing equipment and facilities. On this basis, in order to enhance vehicle management, the industrial countries have set up vehicle inspection stations and test line, so that vehicle inspection institutionalized.
a. Institutionalized
In Germany, the automotive testing the unified leadership by the transport sector, built around the country certified by the transport sector automobile testing site (station), is responsible for vehicle registration and the car's safety inspection, repair, maintenance, cars off to pass vehicle inspection field testing to determine its safety and emissions compliance with national standards.
In Japan, automobile testing the unified leadership by the Ministry of Transport. Ministry of Transport in the country with "national inspection yard," and approved the "civil test field", instead of the xxxxxxxxxxx to implement vehicle inspection work. The "national test market" mainly responsible for vehicle registration and safety inspection in the car; "civil test field" usually located in the car repair plant, approved by the xxxxxxxxxxx and by the xxxxxxxxxxx to carry out safety inspection on the vehicle.
b. Standardization
Industrial countries have set the standard vehicle inspection. Subjects to judge the state of technology is a good car, based on standard criteria specified in the data, test results based on statistics, there are quantitative indicators in order to avoid subjective errors. More emphasis on foreign security and emissions performance testing, such as the United States provides that repaired vehicles to undergo strict emissions testing before entering. In addition to the test results are outside the strict standards of integrity, foreign standards on testing equipment is also provided, such as the detection performance testing equipment, concrete structures, test precision has a standard response. Life cycle of the testing equipment, technology updating and specific requirements.
c. Intelligent, automated detection
With the scientific and technological progress, foreign auto testing equipment in the intelligence, automation, precision, integration aspects of new development, application of new technologies open up new areas of testing, development of new testing equipment.
With computer technology, automotive testing and diagnosis occur, control automation, automated data collection, test results of the direct printing function in modern integrated performance testing technology and equipment. For example: foreign production of automobile brake tester, automatic headlight tester, engine analyzer, engine analyzer, computer wheel alignment apparatus and other testing equipment, has a more advanced automatic features. Into the 80's, the computer technology in the car testing the application of technology to further develop the depth and breadth, has appeared set detection technology, operations, data acquisition and printing, storage and display functions in one system software to auto test line to achieve a fully automated, so that the judge not only to avoid human errors, improve detection accuracy; but also the technical condition of the inspected vehicles stored in the computer, you can refer to as the next test, but also for dealing with traffic information.
2. Overview of the domestic auto detection
60 years from the beginning of our car detection technology, to meet the needs of vehicle maintenance was conducted under the auspices of the Ministry of Communications amount of engine cylinder leakage tester, ignition timing light detection devices such as research and development.
70 years, China to develop a vehicle inspection technology, automotive technology and equipment without disassembly inspection was classified as state science and technology development and application projects. Chaired by the Ministry of Communications has developed an anti-power-type automobile brake tester; inertial brake test rig; engine integrated detector; vehicle performance integrated test station (with brake testing, chassis dynamometer, speed test and other functions) .
Into the 80's, with the development of national economy, science and technology in all areas of rapid development, automotive testing and diagnostic techniques also will be rapid development, coupled with China's automobile industry and road transport industry is developing rapidly Detection and Diagnosis of vehicle technology and the increasing demand for equipment. Rapid increase in vehicle ownership in China, followed by a safety and environmental protection and other social issues. How to ensure that vehicle speed, economy, flexibility, and as far as possible without causing pollution and other social issues, has been increasingly mentioned in the agenda of the xxxxxxxxxxx departments concerned, thus facilitating the diagnosis and detection of automotive technology. Ministry of Communications has developed over the car brake tester, sideslip test rig, axial (Wheel), speed test bed, light detector, an integrated analyzer engine, chassis dynamometer, etc.. Countries in the "Plan" focused on promoting the car during testing and diagnostics.
In a single test equipment based on the successful development, in order to ensure good automotive technology, strengthen the car's technical management, give full play to the use of vehicle testing equipment, the Ministry of Communications since 1980 and planned in the national road transport and vehicle management systems (Ministry of Communications was responsible for Motor Vehicle) vehicle inspection station build, test content to the main vehicle safety inspection.
The early 80s, the Ministry of Communications established in Dalian, China first vehicle inspection station. From the process on the proposed installation of a variety of single-line testing equipment, constitutes a full-featured auto test line, the test program for the 30,000 motorcycles were / year.
Following the inspection stations, Dalian, as the "Plan" projects, the Ministry of Communications has requested more than 10 provinces, autonomous regions and Communications Department (Board) mission preparation vehicle inspection station, the mid-80s, cars supervision by the Ministry of Public Security in charge, Ministry of Public Security Traffic-building vehicle inspection station in basis, for the promotion and development, only the end of 1990 statistics, there are more than 600 vehicle inspection stations, forming a nationwide network of auto detection.
In 1990 the Ministry of Communications issued "regulations car transport vehicle technology," released in 1991, the Ministry of Communications "car transport vehicle performance testing station management integrated approach" after the country has started a construction of the automobile test station climax. By 1997, China had established nearly one thousand automobile test station.
At the same time, vehicle detection technology and equipment has also been actively developed. 70's domestic production only a small number of simple detection, diagnosis equipment. At present, the production of the automobile test equipment manufacturers have reached more than 60, except outside the Ministry of Communications, machinery, urban construction, universities and other departments into the vehicle testing equipment research, development, production and sales areas. China has been able to produce their own complete set of automobile testing equipment, such as large, technically complex automotive chassis dynamometers for engine analyzer, wheel alignment, suspension test sets, brake test platform, exhaust analyzer, light detector, etc. and so on.
In order to meet the auto detection to work, the car has been promulgated and implemented the national inspection standards, industry standards, verification rules 100. From automobile test Supervising Station to the specific test vehicle inspection programs are basically was made the laws to go.
3. China's automobile test technology development
China's automobile test from scratch, from small to large; from imported technology, the introduction of testing equipment, to promote the use of independent research and development; from a single performance test to integrated testing, has made great progress. In particular, the development and production testing equipment has been rapid development and narrow the gap with advanced countries. Today, automobile testing in general brake tester, sideslip test bench, chassis dynamometers, etc., domestic self-sufficiency since I have been and are structurally diverse. Although we have made great progress, but with the world advanced level, a certain distance.
a. Standardized Testing Technology based Automotive
Our detection technology development process, the general emphasis on hardware technology, ignore or underestimate the degree of difficulty, into more obvious social benefits, detection methods and limits of standards based technologies research. With perfect detection means, and complements the hardware detection software will be further improved. Further work should focus on the following vehicle detection technology to carry out basic research:
Project to develop and improve the vehicle inspection test methods and limits of standards, such as driving wheel output power, the chassis transmission power loss, sliding distance, acceleration time and distance, engine fuel consumption rate, suspension performance, reliability, etc.;
Test and development of automotive technology assessment of operating conditions, a unified standard across the country testing requirements and operating techniques; to develop comprehensive performance inspection stations for large-scale testing equipment in the form of certification rules to ensure the comprehensive performance inspection stations to fulfill their duties.
b. Intelligent vehicle detection equipment
Vehicle detection equipment in foreign countries, a large number of applications has been light, mechanical, electrical integration technologies, and using computer monitoring and control, and some testing equipment with expert systems and intelligent features, can detect the state of automotive technology, and can diagnose vehicle faults occur location and cause of the rapid troubleshooting guide the maintenance staff.
China's current vehicle testing equipment in the use of expert systems and intelligent diagnosis, compared with foreign countries there are still a wide gap. Such as four-wheel-positioning system, and EFI engine integrated detector, etc., also mainly imported. We will be intelligent in the automotive testing equipment to speed up the pace of development.
c. Automobile Inspection Management Network
At present, China's automobile test station part of the computer management system has been implemented testing, although the computer management system uses a computer monitoring and control, but the way each station computer monitoring vary. Even with the use of computer network systems technology, it is just a station-house to achieve a network.
With advances in technology and management, future vehicle testing will achieve real network (LAN) to Zuodao sharing of information resources, hardware resource sharing, resource sharing software. In this basis, the use of the information superhighway will be the country's automobile test station, linked to form a wide area network, so that their traffic management department can immediately understand the regional traffic situation. |
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