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安全气囊英文介绍

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发表于 21-6-2009 09:36:52 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

汽车零部件采购、销售通信录       填写你的培训需求,我们帮你找      招募汽车专业培训老师


Air bag
     Air bags have been under development for many years. In the 1980's, the first commercial air bag appeared in automobile. Since 1998, all new cars have been required to have air bags on both driver and passenger sides. To date, statistics show that air bags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30 percent. Newer one than steering wheel mounted or dashboard- mounted bags, but not so widely used, are seat-mounted and door-mounted side air bags. Some experts say that within the next few years, our cars will go from having dual air bags to having six or even eight air bags!
The Basics
    Stopping an object s momentum requires force acting over a period of time. When a car crashes, the force required to stop an object is very great because the car's momentum has changed instantly while the passengers' has not - there is not much time to work with. The goal of any supplemental restraint system is to help stop the passenger while doing as little damage to him or her as possible. What an air bag wants to do is to slow the passenger's speed to zero with little or no damage. The constraints that it has to work within are huge. The air bag has the space between the passenger and the steering wheel or dashboard and a fraction of a second to work with. Even that tiny amount of space and time is valuable, however, if the system can slow the passenger evenly rather than forcing an abrupt halt to his or her motion.
    There are three parts in an air bag that help to accomplish this feat.
     ●The bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, more recently, the seat or door.
     ●The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate. Inflation happens when there is a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour (16 to 24 km per hour). A mechanical switch is flipped when there is a mass shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors that a crash has occurred. The sensors receive information from an accelerometer built into a microchip.
     ●The air bag's inflation system reacts sodium azide (NaN3) with potassium nitrate (KNO3) to produce nitrogen gas. Hot blasts of the nitrogen inflate the air bag.
     The inflation system is not unlike a solid rocket booster. The air bag system ignites a solid propellant, which bums extremely rapidly to create a large volume of gas to inflate the bag. The bag then literally bursts from its storage site at up to 200 miles per hour - faster than the blink of an eye! A second later, the gas quickly dissipates through tiny holes in the bag, thus deflating the bag so you can move.
     Even though the whole process happens in only onetwenty-fifth of a second, the additional time is enough to help prevent serious injury. The powder substance released from the air bag, by the way, is regular cornstarch or talcum powder, which is used by the air bag manufacturers to keep the bags pliable and lubricated while they're in storage.
Safety
      It didn't take long to learn that the force of an air bag can hurt those who are too close to it. Researchers have determined that the risk zone for driver air bag is the first2 to 3 inches (5 to 8 cm) of inflation. So, placing yourself 10 inches (25 cm) from your driver air bag gives you a clear margin of safety. This distance is measured from the center of the steering wheel to your breastbone. If you currently sit less than 10 inches away, you should adjust your driving position.
      An air bag can seriously injure or even kill an unbuckled child who is sitting too close to it or is thrown toward the dash during emergency braking. Experts agree that the following safety points are important.
      ●Children 12 and under should be buckled up in a properly installed, age-appropriate rear car seat.
      ● Infants in rear-facing child seats (under one year old ~d weighing less than 20 pounds / 9 kg) should never ride in the front seat of a car that has a passenger-side air bag.
      ● If a child over one year old must ride in the front seat with a passenger-side air bag, he or she should be in a front-facing child safety seat. a booster seat or a properly fitting lap/shoulder belt, and the seat should be moved as far back as possible.
Deactivation
In response to concerns about children and others, especially smaller people being killed or seriously injured by malfunctioning or overly powerful air bags, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1997 issued a final rule to allow auto manufacturers to use lower-powered air bags. This rule permits power of air bags to be reduced by 20 to 35 percent. In addition, starting in 1998, repair shops and dealers were allowed to install on/off switches that allow air bags to be deactivated. Vehicle owners could now be authorized (by the NHTSA) to get on/off switches installed for one or both air bags in their car if they (or other users of their car) fell into one or more of these specific risk groups.
      ● For both driver and passenger sides - Individuals with medical conditions in which the risk of deploying the air bag exceed the risk of impact in the absence of an air bag.
      ● For the driver side (in addition to medical conditions) - Those who cannot position   themselves to properly operate their cars at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) back from the center of the driver air bag cover.
     ● For the passenger side (in addition to medical conditions) Individuals who need to transport a baby in a rear-facing child restraint in the front seat because the car has no rear seat, the rear seat is too small to accommodate a rear-facing child seat or because it's necessary to constantly monitor a child's medical condition.
     ● For the passenger side (in addition to medical conditions)    Individuals who need to carry children between one and 12 years old in the front seat because the car has no rear seat, the vehicle owner must carry more children than can fit into the back seat or because it's necessary to constantly monitor a child's health.
     Passenger air bag on-off switches in new vehicles under limited circumstances - only if the vehicle has no rear seat or if the rear seat is too small to accommodate a rear-facing child safety seat. And manufacturers are not currently allowed to install on-off switches for the driver air bag in any new vehicle. Why these rules? The NHTSA decided against widespread factory-installed on-off switches for fear that they would become standard equipment in all new vehicles - even those purchased by people not in at-risk groups. They also saw the integration of on-off switches into new cars (and the subsequent redesign of instrument panels) as something that would divert resources from the development of safer, more advanced air bag systems.
The Future of Air Bags
     Activities aimed at maintaining and improving the lifesaving benefits of air bags are in full swing. New NHTSA-sponsored tests use improved "dummy" injury criteria based on new knowledge and research.
     Until recently, most of the strides made in auto safety are in front and rear impacts, even though 40 percent of all serious injuries from accidents are the result of side impacts, and 30 percent of all accidents are side-impact collisions. Many carmakers have responded to these statistics (and the resulting new standards) by beefing up doors, door frames and floor and roof sections. But cars that currently offer side air bags represent the new wave of occupant protection. Engineers say that designing effective side air bags is much more difficult than designing front air bags. This is because much of the energy from a front-impact collision is absorbed by the bumper, hood and engine, and it takes almost 30 to 40 milliseconds before it reaches the car's occupants. In a side impact, only a relatively thin door and a few inches separate the occupants from another vehicle. This means that door-mounted side air bags must begin deploying in a mere five or six milliseconds!
     Volvo engineers experimented with different ways of mounting side air bags and chose seat-back installation because that protects passengers of all sizes regardless of how the seat is positioned. This arrangement allows them to place a triggering mechanical sensor on the sides of the seat cushions under the driver and front passenger. This prevents the air bag on the undamaged side of the car from inflating. Installing the entire air bag package in the seat-back also offers the advantage of preventing unnecessary deployments that might be caused by collisions with pedestrians or bicycles. It takes a collision of about 12 mph to trigger side air bags.


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发表于 24-4-2025 23:09:03 | 显示全部楼层
安全气囊的英文介绍如下:

Airbag,也称为辅助保护系统(SRS),是现代汽车安全的重要组成部分。当车辆发生碰撞时,安全气囊系统会迅速启动,释放充满气体的气囊,为车内乘客提供额外的保护,减轻碰撞造成的伤害。安全气囊结合安全带使用,能有效降低头部、胸部等身体部位受伤的风险。其工作原理基于先进的传感器技术和控制算法,确保在关键时刻为乘客提供最大限度的保护。随着汽车技术的不断进步,安全气囊系统也在不断升级,提高安全性,保障驾乘人员的生命健康。
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