汽车技术名词解释 VVT是什么东东？防侧滑系统，牵引力控制、电

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[汽车百科] 汽车新技术名词解释

Glossary of Automotive Terms

At Consumer Guide we know shopping for a vehicle can be daunting. It's made even harder by the proliferation of gee-whiz and techno-gadgets available on

cars trucks and SUVs. To help you simplify things a bit here is a glossary of common automotive innovations some of which may not have existed the last

time you bought a vehicle. We'll help you learn what new features are in your dashboard and under your hood.
汽车技术名词解释
我们知道要为客户导购并帮他们选购一辆汽车有时候会是一件很困难的事情。而现在的汽车、卡车及越野车上装备的让人惊叹的设备及技术发明越来越多就使得导购变得更难了。

为了帮你把事情简化一些，下面将为你介绍一些汽车上常见的新技术的名词解释，可能你上次买车的时候这些技术还不曾出现。我们会帮你了解现在汽车的仪表板上以及发动机舱

里都有些什么新的东西。

Adaptive Automatic Transmission
Some transmissions can "learn" and adapt to the driver's style altering shift points and other transmission functions to produce the most efficient

operation.
自适应自动变速箱
现在有的变速箱会“自学习”并适应驾驶员的开车风格，自动调整换档点及其他的一些变速箱功能从而使得操作更加高效。
Adaptive Cruise Control
One step beyond cruise control adaptive cruise control uses a radar sensor mounted in the front of the vehicle to maintain a safe cruising distance between

your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you. Most systems allow you to set the interval (distance between vehicles) and will then accelerate and brake

(within reason) to maintain that interval. In many cases the systems can take into account hilly terrain and passing situations. All have the ability to act

like regular cruise control and they still require the driver to steer the vehicle normally. Some automakers refer to it as "intelligent" cruise control.
自适应巡航控制
比巡航控制更进一步的是，自适应巡航控制在车头安装了一个雷达传感器以确保与前车之间保持一个安全的巡航车距。大多数的自适应巡航控制系统都允许用户设定间距（车辆之

间的距离），之后就自动加速或是制动（有原因的）来维持已设定的间距。在很多情况下，这些控制系统会把山区路况以及超车情形考虑在内。所有的自适应巡航控制系统都具有

常规巡航控制的各种功能，另外通常情况下还是需要驾驶员来进行转向操作。有些汽车制造商也称之为“智能”巡航控制。
Air Suspension
Instead of steel coil or leaf springs some vehicles have a bellows-like unit at each corner that contains pressurized air. As a rule air suspensions can

produce a softer ride.
空气悬架
有些汽车在四个角上安装的不是钢板弹簧或者螺旋弹簧，而是充满了压缩空气看上去像风箱一样的空气弹簧。通常，空气悬架具有更软的乘坐舒适性。
Adjustable Suspension
Provides better ride or handling. A variety of systems are used to vary shock-absorber firmness. Some automatically sense road conditions and adjust shock-

absorber settings accordingly. Others include a switch on the dashboard or console that allows the driver to adjust shock-absorber settings to provide a

softer or firmer ride or sharper handling.

可调悬架
可提供更好的乘坐舒适性或者操纵稳定性。有多种系统可以用来调节减震器的硬度。有的系统可以自动感知路面状况并据此自动调节减震器的参数设置，另外还有一种系统是在仪

表板或中控台上有一个开关，让驾驶员可以根据自己的喜好来调节减震器的参数设置，使得车辆有更软和更硬的乘坐舒适性，或者是更犀利的操控性。

Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS)
Helps maintain control in emergency stops. Particularly useful on slick pavement. While the driver applies steady pressure to the brake pedal the system

automatically "pumps" the brakes many times per second to prevent wheel lock-up.
制动防抱死系统（ABS）
在紧急制动时防止车辆失控。在光滑路面上尤其实用。驾驶员对制动踏板施加的力恒定不变，此时ABS系统还可以自动通过制动泵每秒钟进行多次制动以防止车轮抱死。

Antiskid System
Helps maintain control in fast turns. Works whether or not the brakes are applied. Sensors automatically apply individual brakes to prevent a sideways skid.

Some systems also cut back on the throttle slowing the engine. It's also known as an electronic stability system or stabilization program.
防侧滑系统
防止车辆在快速转向不会失控。不管有没有踩刹车，系统都会工作。传感器自动对单个车轮进行制动以防止发生侧滑。有的系统还会自动断油，使发动机减速。本系统也被称作电

子稳定系统或者电子稳定程序。
Automatic Climate Control
A heating and air conditioning system that adjusts itself as needed to maintain a pre-set temperature.
自动温度控制
在需要时可以自动调节温度的暖气及空调系统，以此来维持一个预设的温度。

Automatic Transmission With Manual-Shift Capability
Allows manual gear changes when desired in an automatic transmission. Functions as a traditional automatic transmission when left in Drive but includes a

slot in which the shift lever can be moved to change gears manually. Sometimes buttons for shifting manually through the gears are located on the steering

wheel. This affords some of the advantages of a manual transmission such as greater control of engine speed for better throttle response but eliminates the

need for a clutch pedal.
手自一体变速箱
需要时可以手动换档的自动变速箱。挂入D档时就像传统的自动变速箱一样，不过你可以把换档杆推入一条槽内然后上下移动进行手动换档。也有的是通过方向盘上的一个按钮来进

行手动换档。手自一体变速箱具有手动变速箱的一些优点，比如说可以更大范围的控制发动机转速以得到更好的油门响应，不过去掉了手动变速箱需要的离合器踏板。

Bluetooth Capability
The ability of a radio system to work with Bluetooth wireless connectivity to function in concert with a cellular phone.
蓝牙功能
可以进行蓝牙无线连接的通信系统，具有与便携电话同步的功能。

Brake Assist
Designed to shorten stopping distance in a "panic" stop. Applies full braking power even if the brake pedal is not fully depressed. Sensors gauge the speed

at which the driver initially depresses the brake pedal and determine whether full emergency stopping power is warranted.
辅助制动
被设计用来在“恐慌性”制动时能缩短制动距离。即使制动踏板未踩到底，它也会自动施加最大的制动力。当驾驶员踩下制动踏板时，传感器会检测到刚踩下去时踏板的速度，从

而来判断驾驶员的意图，是否想要确保施加最大的制动力。

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
Operates like an automatic transmission with no need for a clutch pedal but contains no gears. Instead power is transmitted in a continuous flow from the

engine to the drive wheels.
无级变速箱（CVT）
类似于自动变速箱的操作，不需要离合器踏板，另外它不靠齿轮传动，而是通过持续的流体将动力从发动机传到驱动轮上。

Curtain Side Airbags
Designed to cushion and protect occupants' heads. Located on both the left and right sides of the vehicle curtain side airbags deploy from above the front

and rear side windows in a side-impact collision. Advanced systems deploy the bags when sensors detect an impending rollover. The bags inflate within a

fraction of a second and deflate after a few seconds. They also help shield occupants from broken side glass. In some vehicles with three rows of seats the

curtain airbags do not reach backseat occupants.
侧安全气帘
被设计用来缓冲及保护乘员的头部。安装在汽车左右两边的侧气帘会在发生侧碰时从前后窗及侧窗的顶部往下展开。比较高级的系统则会在传感器感知到车辆发生侧翻时展开气帘

。气帘在几分之一秒的时间内完成充气膨胀，而在随后的几秒钟则会慢慢放气从而能起到缓冲保护作用。它同时还能保护乘员防止被破碎的窗玻璃划伤。对于一些有三排座椅的汽

车，气帘不会延伸到最后排座椅。

Dual Front Airbags
Designed to protect the driver and front passenger in a frontal collision. Mounted in the steering wheel hub and in the right side of the dashboard they

inflate and deflate within a fraction of a second. Most systems can judge the severity of an impact and determine whether a front-seat occupant is wearing a

safety belt or is out of position. This allows them to adjust the rate of deployment to minimize injuries from the airbags themselves. Dual front airbags are

required by law on all new passenger vehicles.
前排双安全气囊
被设计用来在发生正面碰撞时保护驾驶员及前排乘员。安全气囊一般装在方向盘里面以及仪表板的右半部分，在零点几秒内就能完成充气膨胀及放气的过程。大多数系统能判断碰

撞的严重程度以及前排乘员是否系好安全带或是已移位。这样就可以使得安全气囊调节自身展开的速率以最小化由于气囊本身可能造成的伤害。法规要求现在新出的乘用车都必须

在前排安装双安全气囊。

Dual-Stage Airbags
Front airbags that can deploy at either of two levels depending on the severity of a collision.
气囊二级引发装置
根据碰撞的严重程度，前排安全气囊可以分两级展开。
Dual-Zone Climate Control
Allows individualized control of heating and air conditioning. Most systems are adjustable for the driver and front passenger; others feature a third

adjustment for rear passengers.
分区独立温度控制
可以分别独立控制暖气和空调系统。大多数系统可以分别独立调节驾驶员侧及副驾驶侧的温度；另外还有些系统也可以独立控制后排乘客舱的温度。

Electronic Brake-Force Distribution
Operates in conjunction with ABS to balance the force applied to brakes at front and rear wheels. Can prevent over-braking improve brake-pad life reduce

"brake fade" caused by excessive heat and ensure peak braking efficiency in all conditions.
电子制动力分配
与ABS系统一起作用能平衡前后轮制动力的分配。可以防止过制动，延长制动盘寿命，还可以减少过热造成的制动热衰退，从而确保在任何情况下都能发挥最大制动效能。

Hybrid Powertrain
A propulsion system wherein a gasoline engine and electric motor work in concert. In some hybrid systems electric operation is dominant; in others the

gasoline engine dominates. Only a few hybrid vehicles are available but they promise greater fuel economy and reduced emissions.
混合动力
由汽油发动机及电动机组成一起协同工作的驱动系统。有些混合动力系统是电动机作为主导，有的则是汽油发动机占主导。真正进入市场的混合动力车只有极少的几款，厂家承诺

它们更加的省油而且可以减少排放。

Lane-Departure Warning System
Issues a warning when the vehicle edges off course and reaches the highway lane markers. Introduced on the 2005 Infiniti FX and available on the 2006

Infiniti M45 the system developed by Iteris can detect lane dividers even in rainy weather. It delivers a noticeable sound when the vehicle starts to move

into an adjacent lane whether due to inattention drowsiness or distraction.
偏离车道报警系统
当汽车驶离车道并压到公路的车道标志时会发出报警。2005年因菲尼迪FX首次引入此系统并于2006年在因菲尼迪M45车上投入使用，这套Iteris开发的系统甚至在雨天也能识别出车

道分离线。不管是由于疏忽、瞌睡还是由于注意力不集中，只要车辆开始进入相邻的车道它就会发出明显的报警声。

MP3 Capability
The ability of a radio to play computer-generated MP3 music as well as CDs and/or cassettes.
MP3兼容性
像播放CD或磁带一样，可以在车上播放数码制作的MP3音乐。

Navigation System
An electronic map combined with route instructions usually displayed on a dashboard video screen. The system communicates with a satellite to display on

the screen the vehicle's geographic location and direction of travel. Most systems let you input a destination using a keypad. A computer then calculates

the best route and issues audible and visual directions to reach that destination. A few navigation systems lack a map but provide vocal instructions. Some

new systems operate with voice recognition and are able to "understand" addresses and other oral instructions. Navigation systems are usually optional

though some luxury models have them as standard equipment.
导航系统
带有路线指示的电子地图系统，通常显示在仪表板上的视频屏幕上。导航系统与卫星进行通信获知汽车的地理位置及行驶方向，并在屏幕上显示出来。大多数系统都能让用户通过

键盘输入目的地，然后电脑会据此计算出最佳路线并通过语音提示及屏幕显示到达目的的地行驶方向。有一些导航系统没有地图，但是提供语音指示。一些新的系统具有语音识别

功能，能够“听懂”地址及其他一些口头指令。虽然有些豪华车把导航系统作为标配，但一般情况下都是选配件。

Overhead-Cam Engine
In this configuration the camshaft that drives the valve is located atop the engine rather than down inside. Engines with a dual-overhead-cam configuration

have two separate camshafts rather than one.
顶置凸轮轴发动机
在这种结构形式中，驱动器门的凸轮轴被布置在发动机的顶部而不是在下面。双顶置凸轮轴结构的发动机则具有两根分离的凸轮轴而不是一根。

Oversteer and Understeer
Any serious race fan knows the difference between "understeer" and "oversteer " but ask for a description and they might get confused. Most front-wheel-drive

cars will "understeer" ("push" or "be tight") at the limit of adhesion the point when the wheels lose their grip on the road. This condition is most

noticeable in rain or snow. As you enter a corner and begin to turn the wheel the car may try to go straight instead; and the harder you steer into the

turn the more the vehicle wants to continue to drive straight. You can help lessen the effects of understeer by lifting off the gas slowly and slightly

applying the brakes. This will transfer more weight to the front wheels allowing them to get more traction.
过多转向与不足转向
真正的赛车迷都知道“不足转向”与“过多转向”的区别，但如果让他们详细描述一下，他们可能会比较困惑。大多数前驱车具有“不足转向”，在附着极限也就是车轮失去抓地

力的时候，会感觉到“被往外推”或者“转不过来”。这种情况在雨天或雪地行驶时特别显著。当你进入一个弯道并开始转方向的时候，汽车可能会不随着转向而是笔直往前走，

方向大的越狠，感觉汽车越是要直着往前去。这时可以通过慢慢松油门以及轻踩制动来减轻不足转向的趋势。这样可以使得更多的重量转移到前轴，使得前轮获得更多的驱动力。
Most high-performance rear-wheel-drive cars will "oversteer" or become "loose" if you enter a turn too fast. The effect is similar to "doing donuts" in the

high school parking lot after a snowfall. Oversteer is much more dangerous and difficult to correct. You have to first steer in the opposite direction to

limit the slide of the car and then you must be very gentle with the throttle and brakes to prevent the vehicle from going into a "snap" or violent spin.
大多数高性能的后驱车如果进弯太快则会导致“过多转向”或者说感觉“失控”。这就类似于下学后在中学的停车位“玩转圈圈”[译者注：doing donuts该怎么翻？]。过多转向

更危险而且也更难纠正回来。你要首先反打方向以限制车辆的侧滑，然后轻踩油门以及制动以防止车辆突然甩尾或者急速回转。
Vehicle skid control systems can reduce understeer or oversteer but they cannot change the laws of physics. Either way it helps to know what to do when

your car is at the limit of adhesion so you will react quickly and instinctively. It could save you thousands in a repair bill or even your life.
汽车侧滑控制系统可以减少不足转向及过多转向，但是它该表不了物理法则。不管怎样，它能帮助你了解车辆在附着极限时应该怎么做，这样你就可以下意识地快速反应。它可以

为你节省数千块维修费用，有时候甚至能救你的命。

Real-Time Traffic Information
Introduced on the 2005 Acura RL this system can work with satellite radio to warn the driver if traffic conditions ahead are troublesome. It can then

determine if an alternate route might be a better choice.
实时交通信息
2005年在讴歌RL上首先引入此系统，它通过卫星电台工作来告诉驾驶员前方道路的交通情况是否堵塞。然后还可以决定是否有另外一条路线会是更好的选择。

Rear Obstacle Warning System
Alerts the driver to unseen objects behind the vehicle when backing up. Sensors mounted in the rear bumper detect the presence of nearby objects. A tone or

warning lights signal the distance to these objects. Some systems also warn of nearby objects in front.
车尾障碍物报警系统[译者注：倒车雷达]
倒车时提醒驾驶员车后是否有看不见的障碍物。安装在后保险杠上的传感器会探测附近的物体，然后通过语音提示或者警示灯来显示离这些物体的距离。有些系统还会提醒车前附

近是否有障碍物。

Rear-Seat Entertainment System
Allows rear-seat passengers to view video. An option most often offered on mininvans and SUVs. Earlier entertainment systems played VHS video tapes but most

of the current ones play DVDs. Most have a screen that drops from the ceiling behind the front seats; others locate the screen near the floor between the

front seats. The video/DVD player is mounted low in the dashboard or between the front seats or in the front center console. (A few vehicles such as the

Toyota Land Cruiser and Lexus LX 470 can play DVDs on their navigation system's dashboard screen but only when the vehicle is standing still.) Most systems

allow front-seat passengers to listen to a separate audio source while those in back view videos. Remote controls for the video/DVD player wireless

headphones and video-game ports and controls are typical accessories.
后座娱乐系统
可以让坐后排的成员看视频。常见于一些小型旅行车及SUV（多功能运动车）车型上作为选配装置。早期的娱乐系统一般是播放家用录相带，但现在大多都是播放DVD的。大多数的

后座娱乐系统的屏幕是悬挂在前座后的车顶上，另外有一些则是安装在前排座椅中间的地板上。视频、DVD播放器一般安装在仪表板的下半部分，或者在前排座椅中间，有的则是直

接在中控台上。（少数车辆，比如丰田陆地巡洋舰、雷克萨斯LX470，可以直接在导航系统的屏幕上播放DVD，不过只允许在车辆静止时播放。）当后座乘员在观看视频时，大部分

系统都可以让前排乘员独立收听另外的声音设备。后座娱乐系统的标准附件一般包口遥控播放器、无线耳机、视频游戏借口及控制器等。

Satellite Radio
Two systems XM and Sirius provide radio reception via satellites rather than the customary broadcast method. Each service charges a monthly fee for

delivering a large number of entertainment channels. Satellite-ready radios are standard in some vehicles and optional for many more.
卫星电台
不同于通常的广播电台，XM和Sirius这两个系统可以通过卫星来接收电台。每个服务系统都会按月收取播放大量娱乐频道的资费。车载卫星电台在有些汽车上是标准配置，但更多

的是作为选配。

Side Airbags
Designed to protect occupants in a side collision. Some side airbags are shaped to provide protection for just the torso others for both the torso and head

in a side collision. Some are mounted in the side of the seat backrest. Others are in the door panel. The bags inflate and deflate within fractions of a

second. Side airbags can be furnished for both front- and rear-seat occupants.
侧气囊
被设计用来在发生侧碰是保护乘员。有些侧气囊的形状使得在发生侧碰时它只能保护乘员的身躯，而另外有些则可以同时保护身躯及头部。有些是安装在座椅的靠背侧面，有些则

是装在门板内。气囊在零点几秒内就完成充气膨胀及放气过程。对前后排座椅的所有乘员都可以装备侧气囊。

Stability-Control System
See "Antiskid system"
稳定性控制系统
同“防侧滑系统”

Traction Control
Helps limit tire slip in acceleration on slippery surfaces. Sensors determine if the wheels that are receiving power have lost traction. The system

automatically "pumps" the brake to those wheels to keep them from slipping. Some systems also reduce engine power to the slipping wheels.
牵引力控制
用来在湿滑路面上加速时防止轮胎打滑。通过传感器可以确定驱动轮是否失去牵引力，牵引力控制系统会自动对失去牵引力的轮胎进行制动以防止其打滑。有些系统同时还会减少

传递给发生打滑轮胎的发动机动力。

Turbocharging
Turbochargers make use of exhaust gases to compress the air that enters the engine which increases its potential power output.
涡轮增压
涡轮增压器利用排气管的废气来压缩进入发动机的空气，从而提高发动机的动力输出潜能。

Variable Valve Timing
Using computer control VVT alters the opening and closing of the engine's valves automatically to produce the greatest level of efficiency. Ordinary engines

have fixed valve operation.
可变气门正时
可变气门正时系统通过电脑控制，来自动调节发动机气门的开启和关闭时间从而达到最高的效率。常规发动机的气门开闭装置是定死不能变的。

Voice Recognition
Quite a few climate-control and other systems can respond to vocal commands. These systems are expanding into navigation systems as well. In Honda's

redesigned 2005 Odyssey for instance the computer can understand a destination stated orally by the driver and calculate a route accordingly with no need

to use a keypad to enter a street or number.
声音识别
很多的气温控制系统及其它系统可以通过声控命令来操作，这些系统现在也延伸到了导航系统当中。例如，本田重新设计的2005版奥德赛，它可以听懂驾驶员说出的目的地并据此

计算出一条驾驶路线，而不必在键盘上输入街道名称或者门牌号码。

Xenon Headlights
Also known as "high-intensity-discharge (HID)" and "bi-xenon" headlights. Standard on some vehicles and optional on others they provide a brighter and more

effective beam. On a few vehicles the headlights can move laterally in concert with the steering wheel to illuminate the road ahead even in a curve.
氙气大灯
也被称作“高强度放电灯”及“双氙气前大灯”。有些车上是标配，有些车上是选配，氙气大灯可以射出更亮也更有效的光束。在少数车上，前大灯可以随着方向盘的转向动作而

横向移动，使得在弯道中也能照清楚前方的道路。

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VVT（Variable Valve Timing）是一种汽车发动机技术，通过改变气门正时以提高发动机的性能和效率。防侧滑系统通常指的是车辆的稳定性控制系统，用于在车辆可能侧滑时自动调整相关参数以保持车辆稳定。牵引力控制则是通过调节发动机输出和刹车系统来确保车辆在加速时获得最佳牵引力。这些技术均为现代汽车的常见配置，旨在提升驾驶的安全性和舒适度。