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汽车零部件采购、销售通信录 填写你的培训需求,我们帮你找 招募汽车专业培训老师
一、短语:
UNIT—1
spark-ignition engine 点燃式发动机
compression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机
storage battery 蓄电池
ignition coil 点火线圈
charging circuit 充电电路
combustion chamber 燃烧室
passenger compartment 乘客室,乘客舱
window defroster 风窗除霜器
motor oil 机油( =engine oil )
sheet metal 钢板,金属板
trunk deck 行李箱盖
multi-purpose van (MPV) 多用途厢式车
commercial vehicle 商用汽车
power train 传动系,动力装置
propeller shaft 传动轴 ( = drive shaft )
torque converter 液力变矩器
gear ratio 传动比
flexible joint 柔性接头
axle shaft 半轴
road wheel 车轮
brake lining 制动器摩擦衬片
UNIT—2
internal combustion engine 内燃机
four-stroke cycle 四冲程循环
spark plug 火花塞
intake stroke 进气行程
power stroke 作功行程
compression stroke 压缩行程
exhaust stroke 排气行程
connecting rod 连杆
automatic transmission 自动变速器
torque converter 液力变矩器
insert bearing 镶入式轴承
valve seat 气门座
valve guide 气门导管
valve train 气门机构,气门组
hydraulic valve lifter 液力挺杆
UNIT—3
pulse fuel injection 间歇燃油喷射
continuous fuel injection 连续燃油喷射
throttle body injection 节气门体喷射
single-point injection 单点喷射
central fuel injection 中央喷射
multi-point systems 多点喷射
multi-port injection 多点喷射
tuned intake runners 调谐进气管
intake manifold 进气歧管
air induction system 进气系统
fuel delivery system 供油系统
air cleaner 空气滤清器
electric fuel pump 电动燃油泵
pressure regulator 压力调节器
fuel inlet line 进油管
fuel tank 燃油箱
fuel injector 喷油器
fuel rail 燃油分配管,油轨
ignition coil 点火线圈
Hall-effect switch 霍尔效应开关
barometric pressure 大气压力
heated wire热线式
air valve空气阀式(=vane type叶片式)
Karmann vortex 卡曼涡旋式
UNIT—6
charging system 充电系统
keep up with 跟上,不落后于
magnetic field 磁场
field strength 磁场强度
contact points 触点
power transistor 功率晶体管
integrated circuit 集成电路
solid state 固态
diode trio 二极管三件组合
starting motor 起动机
transmission housing 变速器壳
responsible for(应)对…负责,是造成…的(主要)原因,决定着,导致
with the advent of 随着…的出现(到来)
in time with 与…合拍(同期)
in(constant)contact with(始终) 与…保持接触
pickup coil 传感线圈
electric eye 电眼,光电池
shutter wheel 遮光轮
initial timing 初始点火正时
vacuum advance 真空式点火提前角调节装置
distributorless ignition system 无分电器点火系统
UNIT—10
service braking 行车制动
parking braking 驻车制动
retarder braking 缓速制动
fluid reservoir 储液室
wheel cylinder 轮缸
master cylinder 主缸
drum brake 鼓式制动器
disc brake 盘式制动器
in a hurry 匆忙
inductive sensor 感应式传感器
magnetic field 磁场
integral with 与…成一体
line pressure 管路压力,主油路压力
dash panel 仪表板
instrument panel 仪表板
hydraulic unit 液压单元
hydraulic actuator 液压执行器
二、汉译英:
The main purpose of the transmission or gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and driving wheels, so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions. Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic control system.
变速器的主要作用是在发动机与驱动轮之间提供可供选择的若干传动比,从而使汽车能够在各种行车条件下都能满意的工作。档位可以由驾驶员通过手动方式进行选择,或者通过液压控制系统实现自动选择。
The axles and wheels are isolated from the chassis by a suspension system. The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants, thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course, regardless of road conditions.
车桥与和车轮与底盘之间用悬架隔开。悬架的基本作用是吸收路面不平所引起的振动,否则的话,使其不会传递给车辆及其承载的乘员。这样,不管路面状况如何,都能使车辆具有可控的、笔直的行驶路线。
The first stroke in your engine is called the intake stroke. Instead of opening the intake valve after you have drawn the piston down, you will find it better to open the intake valve as the piston starts down. This allows the air to draw fuel in the entire time the piston is moving down.
发动机的第一个冲程被称为进气冲程。在活塞下行之后,进气门不只是打开,而且会随活塞的下行,开度还在进一步增大。这样,可使空气在整个活塞下行期间能将燃料吸出来。
Remember, the intake stroke starts with the piston at the top of the cylinder ( intake valve open and exhaust valve closed) and stops piston at the bottom of its travel. This requires one-half turn of the crankshaft.
记住,进气行程在活塞位于气缸顶部(进气门开启,排气门关闭)时开始,在活塞到达气缸的底部时结束。这个行程需要曲轴转半圈。
The purpose of the ignition system is to create a spark that will ignite the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of an engine. It must do this at exactly the right instant and do it at the rate of up to several thousand times per minute for each cylinder in the engine.
点火系统的作用是产生火花,将发动机气缸内的空气-燃油混合气点燃。点火系统必须在精确的时刻点火,并且对于发动机的每只气缸来说,每分钟必须点火几千次。点火时刻即使有微小偏离,也将导致发动机工作状况的恶化,甚至根本不能运转。
The ignition system has two tasks to perform. First, it must create a voltage high enough (20,000+) to arc across the gap of a spark plug, thus creating a spark strong enough to ignite the air/fuel mixture for combustion. Second, it must control the timing of that the spark so it occurs at the exact right time and send it to the correct cylinder.
点火系统有两个任务需要完成:第一,必须产生足以在火花塞间隙处产生电弧放电的高电压,这样才能产生一个足以点燃混合气,使混合气燃烧起来的强火花。第二,必须控制点火正时,使点火时刻正确,并将火花输送给适当的气缸。
三、英译汉:
P23当活塞到达压缩行程顶部时,混合气被粉碎成许多微小颗粒,温度升高。当点火时,混合气就会爆炸,产生极大的爆发力。这个时刻就是混合气爆炸性燃烧的最佳时机。火花塞能在燃烧室内产生火花。靠点火系统火花塞才能产生火花。这个系统将在第6单元讨论。
设想一下,在燃油空气混合气中有一个灼热的火花的情形。混合气将会爆炸,并将推动活塞沿气缸下行。这将对曲轴产生一个快速而有力的推动作用。这就是作功行程。在作功行程期间,两个气门必须保持关闭,否则,燃料燃烧的压力就会通过气门口产生泄漏。记住,作功行程在活塞位于气缸顶部(两个气门都关闭)时开始,在活塞到达气缸的底部时结束。这个行程需要曲轴再转半圈。
P54 节气门体喷射系统采用了一个装有一个或两个喷油器的总成。该总成安装在进气歧管的入口处,并将燃油喷射在节气门之前。这些系统也叫做单点喷射系统或叫做中央喷射系统。
多点喷射系统在进气门附近的进气道口处输送燃油给发动机。这就意味着进气歧管只输送空气,而在化油器或单点喷射系统中,进气歧管输送的是空气与燃油的混合气。因此,多点喷射系统具有下列优点
P134今天的许多汽车都装有若干个用来控制发动机和其他系统的电子控制单元(ECU)或叫做动力控制模块(PCM)ECU还能够用来控制加给磁场绕组的电压,这样,也就不再需要一只单独的电压调节器。该系统的缺点是如果ECU的控制电压调节的那部分电路发生故障,就必须更换整个ECU。
217 放松制动踏板后,主缸内的弹簧立即使主缸活塞返回到正常位置。活塞上有单向阀,而主缸上钻有补偿孔。随着活塞到达正常位置,单向阀和补偿孔都处于打开状态。随着活塞回位,活塞单向阀可让制动液流向轮缸或制动钳。然后。随着回位弹簧使制动衬片或制动蹄进入放松位置,多余的制动液经过补偿孔流回储油室储存起来。正是在制动踏板处于放松位置期间,系统泄漏的任何液体都将通过补偿孔得到补充。
四、写作: P53
Electronic Fuel Injection 图:3-1
Fuel injection systems deliver fuel by forcing it into the incoming air stream. Fuel injection systems actually measure the incoming air and pressurize the fuel to deliver it in precise amounts based directly on that measurement. Because fuel is delivered to the manifold under pressure, the quantity of fuel delivered can be more easily manipulated to meet the unique demands of extreme operating conditions. This results in greater efficiency over a wider range of operation.
In the electronic injection system, the air-fuel mixture is controlled in one of two ways. The injector may be opened and closed by electrical signals. This is a pulse fuel injection system. In the other type of system, the injector is forced open by fuel pressure. Fuel pressure is controlled by an electronic control device, or by an airflow metering valve, depending on the system. This is the continuous fuel injection system.
翻译:燃油喷射系统通过加压力的方法,将燃油输送到进气流中(见图3-1)。燃油喷射系统要对进入的空气量进行实际测量,并提高燃油的压力,从而直接根据空气量的测量值输送精确数量的燃油。由于将具有压力的燃油输送给进气管,喷油量可以得到更加有效的控制。因此,燃油供给就比较容易地得到控制,从而满足了极端工作条件下的独特的要求。这就使发动机在更宽广的工作范围上具有更高的效率。
在电子控制燃油喷射系统中,空气燃油混合气的控制有两种方法。喷油器的开启和关闭受电信号的控制。这是一种间歇式燃油喷射系统。在另一种系统中,喷油器的开启受燃油压力的控制。根据系统的不同,燃油压力或受电子控制装置的控制,或受空气流量计量阀的控制。这是连续燃油喷射系统。
P221 Operating Principle 图:10-1
There are many different variations and control algorithms for ABS systems. We will discuss how one of the simpler systems works. 第一段可不背
The controller monitors the speed sensors at all times. It is looking for decelerations in the wheel that are out of the ordinary. Right before a wheel locks up, it will experience a rapid deceleration. If left unchecked, the wheel would stop much more quickly than any car could. It might take a car five seconds to stop from 60mph ( 96.6kph ) under ideal conditions, but a wheel that locks up could stop spinning in less than a second.
The ABS controller knows that such a rapid deceleration is impossible, so it reduces the pressure to that brake until it sees a acceleration, then it increases the pressure until it sees the deceleration again. It can do this very quickly, before the tire can actually significantly change speed. The result is that the tire slows down at the same rate as the car, with the brakes keeping the rites very near the point at which they will start to lock up. The gives the system maximum braking power.
When the ABS system is in operation you will feel a pulsing in the brake pedal;
This comes from the rapid opening and closing of the valves. Some ABS systems can cycle up to 15 times per second. 最后一段可不背
翻译:ABS系统由许多不同的型式和不同的控制算法。我们将讨论一种简单的系统是怎样工作的。
控制器始终监视着轮速传感器,看车轮减速度是否超出正常值。一个车轮在将要抱死之前,该车轮会急剧减速。如果对此不加以阻止,该车轮将会比任何一辆汽车更早的停止转动。在理想条件下,一辆汽车从60mph(96.6km/h)到停车需要5秒钟时间,但是,一个抱死的车轮会在不足1秒钟内停止转动。
ABS控制器知道这样的快速减速是不可能的,因此,它就降低那个车轮制动器的压力,直至出现加速为止。然后,ABS控制器再次增加压力,直至再次出现减速为止。在车轮实际明显改变转速之前,ABS控制制动器压力的增减非常快。结果,车轮与汽车能以相同的速度减速,制动器使车轮始终保持在即将抱死的状态。这就能使系统产生最大制动力。
当ABS系统处于工作状态时,你将会感到制动踏板的抖动,这是电磁阀快速开、关所致。有些ABS系统的电磁阀每秒钟能开、关达15次。
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